What skill allows one to reason backward from a conclusion to identify its cause, which preoperational children typically lack?

What skill allows one to reason backward from a conclusion to identify its cause, which preoperational children typically lack?

• A. Reversibility
• B. Conservation
• C. Transformation
• D. Class Inclusion

Answer: (A)

The skill that allows individuals to reason backward from a conclusion to identify its cause is known as reversibility. This cognitive ability is critical in understanding that actions or processes can be reversed, leading back to the original state or cause. Preoperational children, as described by Piaget, typically struggle with this kind of reasoning, which indicates their limited ability to think abstractly or logically about relationships between events. In contrast, the other concepts listed do not directly pertain to the ability to think backward from a conclusion. Conservation refers to the understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance; transformation involves understanding how one state can change into another; and class inclusion deals with the ability to categorize objects into different classes and understand relationships among categories. These skills are also areas of cognitive development but do not specifically address the reasoning process of backward thinking.

The skill that allows individuals to reason backward from a conclusion to identify its cause is known as reversibility. This cognitive ability is critical in understanding that actions or processes can be reversed, leading back to the original state or cause. Preoperational children, as described by Piaget, typically struggle with this kind of reasoning, which indicates their limited ability to think abstractly or logically about relationships between events.

In contrast, the other concepts listed do not directly pertain to the ability to think backward from a conclusion. Conservation refers to the understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance; transformation involves understanding how one state can change into another; and class inclusion deals with the ability to categorize objects into different classes and understand relationships among categories. These skills are also areas of cognitive development but do not specifically address the reasoning process of backward thinking.